Road pricing complementary instruments

Complementary instruments

As has been seen above, urban road charging cannot, on it's own, serve to achieve all objectives or to alleviate all problems. Instead it should be viewed as a potential part of an integrated set of complementary policy instruments, whereby each instrument plays a part in achieving the policy objectives or in alleviating transport problems.

Instruments may complement one another in two principal ways: firstly by overcoming each other's adverse side-effects; and secondly by re-enforcing each other's benefits. Complementary policy instruments sets out the different policy instruments which could complement urban road charging.

Complementary policy instruments

Types of instrument	Instruments to overcome the diversion of economic activity	Instruments to overcome inequities	Instruments to reinforce the benefits
Land-use	Development mix in which homes, jobs and shops are placed close together, thus reducing the need to travel	Development densities, involving an increase in density of development throughout an area to reduce the need to travel	Development pattern, including transport corridor-based developments designed to encourage provision and use of public transport
Attitudenal and behavioural	Flexible working hours	-	Telecommunications as an alternative to travel
Infrastructure measures	Reopening closed rail lines	New bus services	Light rail systems
-	New rail stations	Guided bus systems	-
-	New rail services on existing lines	-	-
-	Park and ride	-	-
Management of the infrastructure	-	Bus priorities	Car sharing
-	-	-	Conventional traffic management
-	-	-	Urban traffic control systems
-	-	-	Traffic calming measures
Charging	-	Reduction of vehicle ownership taxes	Parking charges
-	-	Reduction of fuel taxes	-
Compensatory	Changes in business taxes	General subsidies for specific groups	-